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What is the method used by Dominion to simulate clean energy generators/batteries across transmission and distribution networks? Is the method discrete, stochastic, or some other approach? Please explain mathematical and input details of this method.
Dominion Energy uses a combination of modeling approaches rather than a single unified method. The specific approach depends on the type of resource and how it interacts with the grid (generation, transmission, or distribution).
From an IRP perspective, resources such as wind, solar, and battery storage are primarily modeled as generation resources within long-term planning models. These models rely on inputs such as forecasted load, resource performance characteristics, and system constraints, and evaluate how different resource portfolios can meet customer needs over time.
At the transmission level, modeling is informed by PJM planning assumptions and cases, which incorporate expected generation from the PJM interconnection queue along with defined study scenarios (e.g., seasonal peak conditions).
At the distribution level, analysis is more localized and depends on the specific characteristics of each resource, including whether storage is operated continuously or on a defined charging and discharging profile, as well as its location on the system.
Because these analyses serve different planning purposes, there is not a single “one-size-fits-all” methodology. Instead, the Company applies a range of tools and assumptions tailored to each use case to evaluate system needs and potential upgrades.